Universidad de Salamanca
Facultad de Traducción y Documentación
Biblioteca
Web

Open Archives Initiative (OAI)InfoDoc27 de dfebrero de 2004

¿Qué es OAI?

OAI (Open Archives Initiative). es una iniciativa apoyada financieramente por la Federación de Bibliotecas Digitales (DLB) y la Liga para la Información en Red (CNI) que desarrolla y promueve la creación de un procedimiento de intercambio de información bibliográfica y documentos electrónicos entre instituciones, con el fin de facilitar el acceso por medios electrónicos a los últimos resultados de investigación

El Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) (protocolo para la recolección automática de metadatos) se utiliza para facilitar la recuperación de contenidos de las bibliotecas digitales por medio del intercambio de metadatos.

OAI-PMH http://www.openarchives.org/
Portal Latinoamericano http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/laoap/indexesp.html

Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) (Castellano)
http://bibliotecnica.upc.es/rebiun/BOAI.pdf

Bibliografía
=========================================

1. "Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) ". Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2002.

Descriptores: Open Archives Initiative/Comunicación científica/Acceso a la información

Resumen: La convergencia entre una antigua tradición y una nueva tecnología ha hecho posible la aparición de un bien público sin precedentes. La vieja tradición es la voluntad de científicos y eruditos de publicar los frutos de su trabajo en revistas científicas sin remuneración alguna, solo por el bien de la investigación y la difusión del conocimiento. La nueva tecnología es Internet. El beneficio público que las dos posibilitan es la distribución electrónica a escala mundial de artículos de revistas científicas y técnicas dotadas de comité de selección (peer review), accesibles de forma gratuita y sin restricción para científicos, eruditos, universitarios, estudiantes y otras personas interesadas. La supresión de las barreras de acceso a la literatura científica ayudará a acelerar la investigación, a enriquecer la educación, a que se comparta el conocimiento del rico con el del pobre y el del pobre con el del rico, a convertir esta literatura en un bien útil, y a sentar las bases para unir a la humanidad a través del diálogo intelectual y de la búsqueda común del conocimiento. Por varias razones, este tipo de disponibilidad en red, gratuita y sin restricciones, a la que denominamos acceso abierto (open access) ha estado hasta el momento limitada a pequeñas áreas de la literatura científica. Pero aun dentro de la limitación de estas colecciones, distintas iniciativas han mostrado que el acceso abierto es económicamente viable, que proporciona a los lectores un poder extraordinario para acceder a literatura relevante, y que brinda a los autores y a sus trabajos una dimensión nueva, una nueva visibilidad, un nuevo impacto, y un público más amplio. Texto completo: http://bibliotecnica.upc.es/rebiun/BOAI.pdf

2. Arms, C. R., "Available and useful: OAI at the Library of Congress ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 129-139.

Descriptores: Metadatos /Library of Congress/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The Library of Congress (LC) was an early adopter of the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. The protocol allows LC to make digitized historical collections available for integration into other services. The protocol was straightforward to implement and the harvesting traffic has no perceptible effect on the primary users of the American Memory project. Now that services can integrate records for cultural heritage resources from many sources, it is time to build on that experience to develop better services. How should the scarce resources available to produce metadata be deployed to most advantage to support discovery in different contexts? How might metadata harvesting be exploited to support new interfaces and enhanced navigation among related resources in digital libraries? This article starts a conversation between metadata providers and service builders by describing LC's experience and questions that have surfaced. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://zerlina.emeraldinsight.com/vl=9571845/cl=29/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s3/p129

3. Arms, W. Y., Dushay, N., Fulker, D., and Lagoze, C., "A case study in metadata harvesting: the NSDL ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 228-237 .

Descriptores: Metadatos/Bibliotecas digitales/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: This paper describes the use of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting in the NSF's National Science Digital Library (NSDL). The protocol is used both as a method to ingest metadata into a central Metadata Repository and also as the means by which the repository exports metadata to service providers. The NSDL Search Service is used to illustrate this architecture. An early version of the Metadata Repository was an alpha test site for version 1 of the protocol and the production repository was a beta test site for version 2. This paper describes the implementation experience and early practical tests. Despite some teething troubles and the long-term difficulties of semantic compatibility, the overall conclusion is optimism that the Open Archive Initiative will be a successful part of the NSDL. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://angelina.emeraldinsight.com/vl=10204680/cl=13/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s12/p228

4. Barrueco Cruz, J. M. and Subirats Coll, I., "Open archives initiative. Protocol for metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH): descripción, funciones y aplicaciones de un protocolo ". El profesional de la información, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2003, pp. 99-106 .

Descriptores: DoIS (Documents in Information Science)/Metadatos/Protocolos de comunicaciones/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: Se describe el protocolo OAI-PMH (Open Archives InitiativeProtocol for Metadata Harvesting) utilizado para la transmisión de metadatos en internet. Se analiza el contexto en el que nació, las comunidades de depósitos de documentos científicos y cómo se ha desarrollando y extendido su alcance a cualquier material en formato electrónico. Se describe brevemente su arquitectura basada en el modelo clienteservidor donde los primeros, llamados archivos, ponen a disposición del público metadatos en formato Dublin Core para que puedan ser recuperados por los segundos. La comunicación se realiza mediante el protocolo http. Las respuestas están codificadas en xml. Finalmente se hace una revisión de las principales instituciones que lo han implementado, los servicios que se han basado en él y se presenta una serie de herramientas que facilitan la creación de archivos abiertos. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=1WYKD19JJ0VUUYN3P9VB

5. Barrueco Cruz, J. M. and Subirats Coll, I., "RcLIS: una biblioteca digital distribuida para Documentación". Jornadas de Bibliotecas Digitales, Vol. 3, 2002.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Sistemas abiertos/DoIS (Documents in Information Science)/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: El concepto de biblioteca digital está sufriendo cambios y planteamientos nuevos de manera acelerada. El uso y objetivos que propongamos desde un principio para esta tipología de bibliotecas marcarán sin duda el desarrollo y evolución de las mismas. El esfuerzo en el ámbito internacional que presentamos aquí tiene como objetivo recoger la literatura de las ciencias de la documentación y informática, y ofrecer gratuitamente los documentos siguiendo la filosofía de la OAI (Open Archives Initiative). Crear un procedimiento de intercambio de información bibliográfica y documentos electrónicos entre instituciones, con el fin de facilitar el acceso por medios electrónicos a los últimos resultados de investigación en ciencias de la documentación, es sin duda una de las posibilidades que ofrecen las nuevas tecnologías a nuestra disciplina. Para ello se ha desarrollado una estructura en torno a dos normas, una que establece los principios y reglas de colaboración entre los participantes, denominada Protocolo de Guildford, y otra, ReDIF, que define el formato para la descripción bibliográfica de los documentos electrónicos. Texto completo: http://mariachi.dsic.upv.es/jbidi/jbidi2002/Camera-ready/Sesion4/S4-2.pdf

6. Bekaert, J., Balakireva, L., and Hochstenbach, P. S. H. V. d., "Using MPEG-21 DIP and NISO OpenURL for the Dynamic Dissemination of Complex Digital Objects in the Los Alamos National Laboratory Digital Library". D-Lib Magazine , Vol. 10, No. 2, 2004.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Sistemas abiertos/Lenguajes de marcas/XML/Normas/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: This paper focuses on the use of NISO OpenURL and MPEG-21 Digital Item Processing (DIP) to disseminate complex objects and their contained assets, in a repository architecture designed for the Research Library of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. In the architecture, the MPEG-21 Digital Item Declaration Language (DIDL) is used as the XML-based format to represent complex digital objects. Through an ingestion process, these objects are stored in a multitude of autonomous OAI-PMH repositories. An OAI-PMH compliant Repository Index keeps track of the creation and location of all those repositories, whereas an Identifier Resolver keeps track of the location of individual complex objects and contained assets. An MPEG-21 DIP Engine and an OpenURL Resolver facilitate the delivery of various disseminations of the stored objects. While these aspects of the architecture are described in the context of the LANL library, the paper will also briefly touch on their more general applicability. Texto completo: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february04/bekaert/02bekaert.html

7. Chan, L. and Kirsop, B., "Open Archiving Opportunities for Developing Countries: towards equitable distribution of global knowledge". Ariadne, No. 30, 2002.

Descriptores: Países en desarrollo/Internet/Aspecto social/Globalización/Gestión del conocimiento/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: Leslie Chan and Barbara Kirsop on the great potential value for poorly-resourced countries of 'open archiving' - the deposition of scholarly research papers into networked servers accessible over the Internet. Texto completo : http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/oai-chan/

8. Cliff, P., "Building ResourceFinder". Ariadne, No. 30, 2002.

Descriptores: Metadatos /Recuperación de la información/Internet/Fuentes de información/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: Pete Cliff on using the OAI Metadata Harvesting Protocol at the Resource Discovery Network (RDN). Texto completo: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/rdn-oai/

9. Cole, T. W., "Using OAI: innovations in the sharing of information ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 115-117.

Descriptores: Metadatos/Acceso a la información/Internet/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The tradition of union catalogs and similar broad-based, comprehensive bibliographic utilities and tools is one of long standing in the discipline of librarianship. As we move towards greater reliance on digital primary sources, the sharing of information about what we hold in our digital collections intuitively seems of increasing import and value as a way to organize and manage the explosion of online information resources. The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting enables effective and efficient sharing of digital metadata and is being utilized across a wide spectrum of disciplines and digital library projects. Experience to date gives reason for optimism and provides evidence and confirmation that, even as the technologies we use evolve, the intellectual framework of our tradition persists and continues to be relevant.

10. Day, M., "Metadata: E-print Services and Long-term Access to the Record of Scholarly and Scientific Research". Ariadne, No. 28, 2001.

Descriptores: Metadatos /Bibliotecas universitarias/Preservación/Acceso a la información/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: Michael Day looks at the long-term preservation implications of one of the OAI protocol's potential applications - e-print services. Texto completo: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue28/metadata/

11. Dobratz, S., "The Open Archives Forum". Ariadne, No. 31, 2002.

Descriptores: Archivos administrativos/Europa/Comunidades Europeas/Documentos electrónicos/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: The Open Archives Forum provides a European focus for the dissemination of information about European activities in Open Archives. A particular focus is on the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). The Open Archives Forum aims to promote the idea of globally distributed digital archives within Europe, to support the establishment of new digital archives and their related services, and to initiate European special interest groups. It is important to add particular European interests to already existing models such as the Open Archives Initiative. Doing this, the different approaches, standards and technologies can be evaluated in terms of their feasibility and their limitations. Texto completo: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue31/open-archives-forum/

12. Duke, M., "Delivering OAI Records as RSS: An IMesh Toolkit module for facilitating resource sharing". Ariadne, No. 37, 2003.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Difusión de la información/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: provides an overview of a means of providing records in RSS through the use of an IMesh Toolkit module that supports resource sharing. The content of this article was presented at the 4th Open Archives Forum Workshop. Texto completo: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue37/duke/

13. EGadd, l., Oppenheim, C., and Probets, S., "The RoMEO Project: Protecting metadata in an open access environment". Ariadne, No. 36, 2003.

Descriptores: Metadatos/Sistemas abiertos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: Elizabeth Gadd, Charles Oppenheim and Steve Probets describe how the RoMEO Project is seeking to safeguard freely available metadata disclosed and harvested under the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. The Open Archives Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) enables the 'disclosure' of metadata by Data Providers and the harvesting of that metadata by Service Providers. Although there is nothing to stop commercial providers from utilising this open-source protocol, it has its roots in the open access community and as such is used by many open archives. These include subject-based archives such as ArXiv, CogPrints , and the increasing number of Institutional Repositories, many of which have been established as a result of funding via the UK JISC FAIR (Focus on Access to Institutional Repositories) programme Texto completo: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/romeo/

14. Gadd, E., "The Intellectual Property Rights Issues Facing Self-archiving Key Findings of the RoMEO Project ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 9, 2003.

Descriptores: Propiedad intelectual/Derechos de autor/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: Inspired by the Open Archives Initiative, the United Kingdom (UK) Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) established the FAIR (Focus on Access to Institutional Repositories) programme in 2002. One of the programme's objectives was to 'explore the challenges associated with disclosure and sharing [of content], including IPR and the role of institutional repositories'. To this end, the JISC funded a one-year project called RoMEO (Rights Metadata for Open archiving). RoMEO, which took place between 20022003, specifically looked at the self-archiving of academic research papers, and the subsequent disclosure and harvesting of metadata about those papers using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) by OAI Data and Service Providers [Open Archives Initiative, 2002a]. Texto completo: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september03/gadd/09gadd.html

15. Gadd, E., Oppenheim, C., and Probets, S., "The Intellectual Property Rights Issues Facing Self-archiving Key Findings of the RoMEO Project ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 9, 2003.

Descriptores: Propiedad intelectual/Internet/Documentos electrónicos/Open Archives Initiative/ Harvesting metadata

Resumen: Inspired by the Open Archives Initiative, the United Kingdom (UK) Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) established the FAIR (Focus on Access to Institutional Repositories) programme in 2002. One of the programme's objectives was to 'explore the challenges associated with disclosure and sharing [of content], including IPR and the role of institutional repositories'. To this end, the JISC funded a one-year project called RoMEO (Rights Metadata for Open archiving). RoMEO, which took place between 20022003, specifically looked at the self-archiving of academic research papers, and the subsequent disclosure and harvesting of metadata about those papers using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) by OAI Data and Service Providers. Texto completo: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september03/gadd/09gadd.html

16. Gómez, N. D., "El cambio de paradigma en la comunicación científica". Biblioteca Central Luis Federico Leloir (Argentina), 2002.

Descriptores: Comunicación científica/Open Archives Initiative/Difusión de la información/Transferencia de la información

Resumen: Open Archives (OAI) es una iniciativa apoyada financieramente por la Federación de Bibliotecas Digitales (DLB) y la Liga para la Información en Red (CNI) que desarrolla y promueve la aplicación de estándares de interoperabilidad para facilitar la eficiente diseminación de contenido. Si bien tiene sus orígenes en la transferencia de la comunicación académica, que es la piedra angular de su trabajo al facilitar el acceso a e-prints, su labor tiende a independizarse del tipo de contenido y de los mecanismos económicos que lo rodean y promete una relevancia creciente en la facilitación del acceso a un rango amplio de materiales digitales. Texto completo: http://www.bl.fcen.uba.ar/comunicacion_cientifica.pdf

17. Graham, R. A., "Metadata Harvesting ". Library hi tech, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2001, pp. 290-295.

Descriptores: Metadatos /Catalogación/Open Archives Initiative/Dublin Core/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: For this fourth column in the IT I-V (information technology interview) series participants actively engaged or interested in the metadata harvesting protocol of the open archives initiative were interviewed. The metadata harvesting initiative targets information generally inaccessible through standard browser searches, such as information stored in databases or within library online public access catalogs. We selected this topic as an information technology-based initiative with the potential to provide information about the usefulness of metadata: in particular the Dublin Core metadata standard, but also about other metadata standards, as the protocol design supports community-specific schemas as well. The group interviewed represents developers, commercial information providers, funders, and members of the scholarly publishing community. Along with learning about the interests and concerns of each of these stakeholders and about specific applications of the protocol, we identify potential questions that will ultimately need to be addressed. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://dandini.emeraldinsight.com/vl=1910967/cl=20/nw=1/fm=html/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v19n3/s10/p290

18. Guy, M., Powell, A., and Day, M., "Improving the Quality of Metadata in Eprint Archives". Ariadne, No. 38, 2003.

Descriptores: Metadatos/Bibliotecas digitales/Metadatos/ Sistemas abiertos/Calidad/Documentos electrónicos/Open Archives Initiative/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: Marieke Guy, Andy Powell and Michael Day address the argument that the usefulness of OAI service providers is directly influenced by the consistency and accuracy of the harvested metadata on which they are based. They suggest a number of quality assurance procedures that may improve the standard of metadata in eprint archives. Texto completo:

19. Hagedorn, K. , "OAIster: a 'no dead ends' OAI service provider ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 170-181 .

Descriptores: Metadatos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: OAIster, at the University of Michigan, University Libraries, Digital Library Production Service (DLPS), is an Andrew W. Mellon Foundation grant-funded project designed to test the feasibility of using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) to harvest digital object metadata from multiple and varied digital object repositories and develop a service to allow end-users to access that metadata. This article describes in-depth the development of our system to harvest, store, transform the metadata into Digital Library eXtension Service (DLXS) Bibliographic Class format, build indexes and make the metadata searchable through an interface using the XPAT search engine. Results of the testing of our service and statistics on usage are reported, as well as the issues that we have encountered during our harvesting and transformation operations. The article closes by discussing the future improvements and potential of OAIster and the OAI-PMH protocol. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://ceres.emeraldinsight.com/vl=2941379/cl=82/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s7/p170

20. Halbert, M., "The Metascholar Initiative: AmericanSouth.Org and MetaArchive.Org ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 182-198.

Descriptores: Metadatos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The MetaScholar Initiative is a collaborative endeavor to explore the feasibility and utility of scholarly portal services developed in conjunction with Open Archives Initiative (OAI) metadata harvesting technologies. The MetaScholar Initiative comprises two projects, the MetaArchive and AmericanSouth projects, both funded by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation totaling $600,000. These two projects have created two metadata aggregation networks connecting some 24 libraries, archives, museums, and electronic text centers. Each network has an associated portal being created under the guidance of teams composed of scholars, librarians, archivists, and technologists. The MetaScholar Initiative is studying issues such as metadata normalization, alternative forms of scholarly communication through portals, and the process of facilitating smaller archival institutions in providing better access to their collections through the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). The MetaScholar Initiative is based at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://ceres.emeraldinsight.com/vl=2941379/cl=82/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s8/p182

21. Harnad, S., Carr, L., and Brody, T., "How and Why To Free All Refereed Research From Access- and Impact-Barriers Online, Now". Libraries Webzine , No. 4, 2001.

Descriptores: Acceso a la documentación/Acceso a la información/Internet/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: Researchers publish their findings in order to make an impact on research, not in order to sell their words. Access-tolls are barriers to research impact. Authors can now free their refereed research papers from all access tolls immediately by self-archiving them on-line in their own institution's Eprint Archives. Free eprints.org software creates Archives compliant with the Open Archives Initiative metadata-tagging Protocol OAI 1.0. These distributed institutional Archives are interoperable and can hence be harvested into global 'virtual' archives, citation-linked and freely navigable by all. Self-archiving should enhance research productivity and impact as well as providing powerful new ways of monitoring and measuring it. Texto completo: http://library.cern.ch/HEPLW/4/papers/1/

22. Hitchcock, S., Bergmark, D., Brody, T., Gutteridge, C. , Carr, L., Hall, C. L. W., and Harnad, S., "Open Citation Linking: The Way Forward ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 10, 2002.

Descriptores: Análisis de citas/Internet/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: The speed of scientific communication the rate of ideas affecting other researchers' ideas is increasing dramatically. The factor driving this is free, unrestricted access to research papers. Measurements of user activity in mature eprint archives of research papers such as arXiv have shown, for the first time, the degree to which such services support an evolving network of texts commenting on, citing, classifying, abstracting, listing and revising other texts. The Open Citation project has built tools to measure this activity, to build new archives, and has been closely involved with the development of the infrastructure to support open access on which these new services depend. This is the story of the project, intertwined with the concurrent emergence of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). The paper describes the broad scope of the project's work, showing how it has progressed from early demonstrators of reference linking to produce Citebase, a Web-based citation and impact-ranked search service, and how it has supported the development of the EPrints.org software for building OAI-compliant archives. The work has been underpinned by analysis and experiments on the semantics of documents (digital objects) to determine the features required for formally perfect linking instantiated as an application programming interface (API) for reference linking that will enable other applications to build on this work in broader digital library information environments.

23. Hunter, P., "Centering the Periphery: a new equity in information access? ". Ariadne, No. 30, 2002.

Descriptores: Edición electrónica/Acceso a la información/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: A focus of this issue of Ariadne is the Open Archives Initiative and the wider implications of the techniques and technology associated with it. A major impetus behind the take-up of the OAI idea is the wish to make research available more widely and more quickly than before, and also to counter the problems created by the nature of existing academic publishing. Texto completo: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue30/editorial/

24. Lagoze, C. and Sompel, H. V. d., "The making of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 118-128.

Descriptores: Metadatos/Acceso a la información/Internet/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The authors, who jointly serve as the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) executive, reflect on the three-year history of the OAI. Three years of technical work recently culminated in the release of a stable production version 2 of the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). This technical product, the work that led up to it, and the process that made it possible have attracted some favor from the digital library and information community. The paper explores a number of factors in the history of the OAI that the authors believe have contributed to this positive response. The factors include focus on a defined problem statement, an operational model in which strong leadership is balanced with solicited participation, a healthy dose of community building and support, and sensible technical decisions.

25. Little, D., "Sharing history of science and medicine gateway metadata using OAI-PMH". Ariadne, No. 34, 2003.

Descriptores: Metadatos /Ciencias de la salud/Medicina/Historia/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: David Little outlines the resource sharing arrangements between the MedHist gateway and the Humbul hub, using the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, and some of the issues it has raised. Texto completo. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue34/little/

26. Marcondes, C. H. and Sayão, L. F., "Documentos digitais e novas formas de cooperação entre sistemas de informação em c&t". Ciência da informaçao, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2002.

Descriptores: Documentos electrónicos/Cooperación bibliotecaria/Metadatos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: São discutidos os novos mecanismos de cooperação entre sistemas de informação em ciência e tecnologia surgidos a partir da emergência de arquivos de publicações digitais livres os open archives e de mecanismos de interoperabilidade entre estes arquivos, como o protocolo Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. É apresentado um histórico do surgimento das publicações digitais e dos arquivos abertos como uma alternativa aos mecanismos tradicionais de comunicação científica, baseados nos periódicos acadêmicos tradicionais. São discutidas as novas formas de cooperação e os novos serviços informacionais viabilizados a partir do surgimento dos open archives e das tecnologias a eles associados. As conseqüências e oportunidades desta situação para a ciência e para os sistemas e redes de informação dos países em desenvolvimento são analisadas. Texto completo: http://www.ibict.br/cionline/310302/3130205.pdf

27. Millán, J. A., "Edición científica y difusión libre". Página personal de José Antonio Millán, 2002.

Descriptores: Difusión de la información/Comunicación científica/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: Hoy en día existen en el mundo unas veinte mil revistas científicas y técnicas dotadas de comité de selección (refereed journals) y anualmente se publican en ellas dos millones de artículos. Cada artículo cuesta colectivamente al conjunto de las instituciones que lo pagan unos 2.000 dólares: a cambio de ese desembolso, sólo los miembros de esas instituciones tienen derecho a leerlo, y por cierto: ninguna institución, ni siquiera Harvard, se puede permitir dar acceso a sus miembros a todos los artículos que se publican. Mientras tanto, recordemos que los científicos no cobran por sus artículos, ni en su función de comité de selección de sus colegas. Estos datos (que Stevan Harnad publicó en Nature, en abril del 2001) pueden justificar la profunda revolución que está recorriendo el mundo de la edición científica. Hace unos meses, concretamente en agosto del año pasado, recogíamos en estas páginas la iniciativa de la Public Library of Science a favor de la apertura de la información científica en la red (véase La revuelta de los científicos). Si a 29 de agosto del 2001 había reunido 26.000 firmas, ahora cuenta con 29.000 firmantes, de 175 países.Desde entonces han ocurrido varias cosas. La más llamativa es la Budapest Open Access Initiative, patrocinada por el filántropo George Soros, de origen húngaro y afincado en los EEUU desde los años 50. Soros se ha mostrado muy activo en iniciativas a favor de la sociedad abierta, que gestiona a través de una red de fundaciones. Pues bien: a las acciones en favor de países de la Europa del Este, y a sus intervenciones sobre el sistema financiero mundial se ha unido curiosamente una iniciativa directamente relacionada con la edición electrónica de material científico. Texto completo: http://jamillan.com/erulib.htm

28. Millán, J. A., "La revuelta de los científicos o El editor como comadrona". Página personal de José Antonio Millán, 2002.

Descriptores: Difusión de la información/Comunicación científica/Open Archives Initiative/Edición/Editores/Distribuidores

Resumen: El día 1 de septiembre vence el plazo que la Public Library of Science, una asociación de científicos de ciencias biológicas y médicas, ha fijado para que las compañías que rigen el mercado de la edición científica digital cambien su política. La iniciativa de la Public Library of Science lleva reunidas más de 26.000 firmas de científicos (casi 1.300 de ellos españoles), entre ellos varios premios Nobel. Su propuesta es que a los seis meses de aparición de los artículos estos se pongan abiertos en la Red, en sitios que reúnan lo más importante de la investigacion de un sector. Si el 1de septiembre las compañías no han actuado así, los firmantes se negarán a contribuir a sus publicaciones o a actuar de asesores para ellas. Las empresas objeto del ultimátum son bien conocidas: la canadiense Thomson y la anglo-holandesa Reed Elsevier, entre otras. Texto completo: http://jamillan.com/revuelta.htm

29. Mongin, L., Fu, Y., Mostafa, and Javed, "Open Archives Data Service Prototype and Automated Subject Indexing Using D-Lib® Archive Content As a Testbed ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 12, 2003.

Descriptores: Sistemas abiertos/Indización automática/Bibliotecas universitarias/Visualización/Recuperación de la información/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: The Indiana University School of Library and Information Science opened a new research laboratory in January 2003; The Indiana University School of Library and Information Science Information Processing Laboratory [IU IP Lab]. The purpose of the new laboratory is to facilitate collaboration between scientists in the department in the areas of information retrieval (IR) and information visualization (IV) research. The lab has several areas of focus. These include grid and cluster computing, and a standard Java-based software platform to support plug and play research datasets, a selection of standard IR modules and standard IV algorithms. Future development includes software to enable researchers to contribute datasets, IR algorithms, and visualization algorithms into the standard environment. We decided early on to use OAI-PMH as a resource discovery tool because it is consistent with our mission. Texto completo: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december03/mongin/12mongin.html

30. Nelson, M. L., Harrison, T. L., and Rocker, J., "OAI and NASA's scientific and technical information ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 140-150 .

Descriptores: Metadatos/Bibliotecas digitales/Mineria de datos/Tecnología/Aeronaútica/Open Archives Initiative /Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is an evolving protocol and philosophy regarding interoperability for digital libraries (DLs). Previously, 'distributed searching' models were popular for DL interoperability. However, experience has shown distributed searching systems across large numbers of DLs to be difficult to maintain in an Internet environment. The OAI-PMH is a move away from distributed searching, focusing on the arguably simpler model of 'metadata harvesting'. We detail NASA's involvement in defining and testing the OAI-PMH and experience to date with adapting existing NASA distributed searching DLs (such as the NASA Technical Report Server) to use the OAI-PMH and metadata harvesting. We discuss some of the entirely new DL projects that the OAI-PMH has made possible, such as the Technical Report Interchange Project. We explain the strategic importance of the OAI-PMH to the mission of NASA's Scientific and Technical Information Program. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://zerlina.emeraldinsight.com/vl=9571845/cl=29/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s4/p140

31. Prom, C. J., "Reengineering archival access through the OAI protocols ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 199-209.

Descriptores: Archivos/Acceso a la documentación/Metadatos/Manuscritos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) Protocol for Metadata Harvesting presents one promising method by which metadata regarding archives and manuscripts can be shared and made more interoperable with metadata from other sources. Against the background of archival descriptive theory and practice, this article outlines a method for exposing deep, hierarchical metadata from encoded archival description (EAD) files and assesses some theoretical and practical issues that will need to be confronted by institutions choosing to provide or harvest OAI records generated from EAD files. Using OAI on top of existing EAD implementations would allow institutions to repurpose their data and potentially reach more users but would also accelerate the process of reengineering archival access mechanisms. Archivists and technologists using OAI with EAD must pay careful attention to the necessity of preserving archival context and provenance. Texto completo: http://ceres.emeraldinsight.com/vl=2941379/cl=82/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s9/p199

32. Richardson, S. and Powell, A., "Exposing information resources for e-learning". Ariadne, No. 34, 2003.

Descriptores: Metadatos /Protocolos de comunicaciones/Z39.50/Open Archives Initiative/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: Andy Powell on Harvesting and searching IMS metadata using both the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, and the Z39.50 Protocol . Texto completo: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue34/powell/

33. Rodríguez López, J., "La locomotora digital: Lo que las revistas científicas pueden hacer por el futuro de la edición". Página personal de José Antonio Millán, 2002.

Descriptores: Difusión de la información/Comunicación científica/Open Archives Initiative/Edición electrónica

Resumen: La cuestión no es ya, hoy en día, saber si los textos serán o no digitalizados, si el futuro de la edición pasa o no por la digitalización y la difusión electrónica, porque es ya evidente, incluso para un lector de periódicos medianamente informado, que la metamorfosis de los soportes de la escritura en las últimas décadas ha sido y sigue siendo un fenómeno ubicuo; la cuestión es, y no es un matiz desdeñable, qué nos asegura que la transposición de los textos a otro soporte, a otro medio, va a ser una migración duradera, no una mera etapa apenas perceptible en la historia de las formas escritas de comunicación; la cuestión es, quién reclama esa mutación si es que lo hay, a quién sirve esa transformación, quién hará uso del material almacenado de esa nueva manera, a quién puede beneficiar la mudanza y qué objetivos y necesidades cubre y alcanza. Más aún, qué visos hay de que esa todavía pequeña revolución llegue a propagarse, a asumirse e, incluso, a hacerse deseable para del resto de la sociedad, porque no se sabe todavía de transformación tecnológica alguna en la historia de la humanidad que haya permanecido y se haya perpetuado que no haya sido el resultado de una necesidad presentida de la sociedad. Algo tan elemental como caer en la cuenta de que en la oficina de patentes duermen miles de inventos sin nadie deseoso de asumirlos o de utilizarlos, podría ser suficiente para entender que la tecnología no es unívoca ni todopoderosa; también, que en nuestra sociedad contemporánea, particularmente, todo invento viene acompañado de un esfuerzo formidable por imponer la necesidad de ese invento que no otra cosa es el marketing, algo que no sería necesario si el invento tuviera el poder de imponerse sin ninguna colaboración social. Texto completo: http://jamillan.com/locomotora.htm

34. Schmitt, J.-P., "Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) and Peer Review Journals in Europe: A Report

CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research". Libraries Webzine , No. 4, 2001.

Descriptores: Sistemas abiertos/Publicaciones periódicas/Ciencias/Europa/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: A workshop on the Open Archives Initiative and Peer Review Journals in Europe was held at CERN, in Geneva, from March 22nd to 24th. The purpose of this workshop was to mobilise a group of European scientists and librarians who want to play an active role in organizing a self-managed system for electronic scholarly communication. Such a system should be compliant with the technical standards proposed by the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). The immediate deployment of OAI-compliant e-print repositories was a concrete objective of the workshop. The workshop had a second (exploratory) objective, related to the certification of writings submitted to archives. Texto completo: http://library.cern.ch/HEPLW/4/report/

35. Shreeves, Sarah L , Kaczmarek, J. S., and Cole, T. W., "Harvesting cultural heritage metadata using the OAI Protocol ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 159-169.

Descriptores: Metadatos/Patrimonio cultural/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: In July of 2001, with funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign undertook a project to test the efficacy of using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting to construct a search and discovery service focused on information resources in the domain of cultural heritage. To date, the Illinois project has indexed over two million Dublin Core metadata records contributed by 39 metadata repositories in the museum, academic library, and digital library project communities. These records describe a mix of digital and analog primary content. Our analysis of these metadata records demonstrates wide divergence in descriptive metadata practices and the use and interpretation of Dublin Core metadata elements. Differences are particularly notable by community. This article provides an overview of the Illinois project, presents quantitative data about divergent metadata practices and element usage patterns, and details implications for metadata providers and harvesting services. Texto completo: http://ceres.emeraldinsight.com/vl=2941379/cl=82/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s6/p159

36. Simons, G. and Bird, S., "Building an Open Language Archives Community on the OAI foundation ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 210-218 .

Descriptores: Metadatos/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources. The Dublin Core (DC) Element Set and the OAI Protocol have provided a solid foundation for the OLAC framework. However, we need more precision in community-specific aspects of resource description than is offered by DC. Furthermore, many of the institutions and individuals who might participate in OLAC do not have the technical resources to support the OAI protocol. This paper presents our solutions to these two problems. Texto completo USAL: http://angelina.emeraldinsight.com/vl=10204680/cl=13/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s10/p210

37. Singer, P., "When Shall We Be Free?". Journal of Electronic Publishing, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2000.

Descriptores: Acceso a la información/Ciencias de la salud/Difusión de la información/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: When shall we be free? Only when incentives in science are designed to reward rather than penalize open access publication. In the past year, we have witnessed the creation of exciting new vehicles for disseminating health research, including the Open Archives Initiative, PubMed Central, British Medical Journal's NetPrints, The Lancet eprint server in international health, BioMed Central, and others. These initiatives have the potential to 'free the literature,' which would be wonderful for researchers around the world, and might accelerate the pace of health research. However, use of these vehicles in academic science and medicine will not be optimized -- and the literature will not be truly free -- until incentives are realigned to reward, or at least not penalize, their use. Texto completo: http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/06-02/singer.html

38. Solbakk, S. A., "Critical technological and architectural choices for access and preservation in a digital library environment". IFLA Council and General Conference, No. 68, 2002.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas nacionales /Bibliotecas digitales/Preservación/Acceso a la información/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: The article describes some basic architectural choices for the access to and preservation of digital objects at the National Library of Norway. A digital repository is a core element for the handling of both access to and preservation of the digital objects. Strategies for giving access to the complete holdings include the use of a powerful search engine and the OAI protocol to harvest metadata from conventional catalogue systems to make textual or structured indexes. Texto completo: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/145-095e.pdf

39. Solbakk, S. A., "Critical technological and architectural choices for access and preservation in a digital library environment ". Library Review , Vol. 52, No. 6, 2003, pp. 251-256.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Tecnologías de la información/Preservación/Acceso a la información/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: The article describes some basic architectural choices for the access to and preservation of digital objects at the National Library of Norway. A digital repository is a core element for the handling of both access to and preservation of the digital objects. Strategies for giving access to the complete holdings include the use of a powerful search engine and the OAI protocol to harvest metadata from conventional catalogue systems to make textual or structured indexes. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=VJUNE8930BABB28YK8W9

40. Solbakk, S. A., "Critical technological and architectural choices for access and preservation in a digital library environment ". Library Review , Vol. 52, No. 6, 2003, pp. 250-256.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Preservación/Open Archives Initiative

41. Sompel, H. V. d., Young, J. A., and Hickey, T. B., "Using the OAI-PMH ... Differently ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 7-8, 2003.

Descriptores: Metadatos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The Open Archives Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) was created to facilitate discovery of distributed resources. The OAI-PMH achieves this by providing a simple, yet powerful framework for metadata harvesting. Harvesters can incrementally gather records contained in OAI-PMH repositories and use them to create services covering the content of several repositories. The OAI-PMH has been widely accepted, and until recently, it has mainly been applied to make Dublin Core metadata about scholarly objects contained in distributed repositories searchable through a single user interface. This article describes innovative applications of the OAI-PMH that we have introduced in recent projects. In these projects, OAI-PMH concepts such as resource and metadata format have been interpreted in novel ways. The result of doing so illustrates the usefulness of the OAI-PMH beyond the typical resource discovery using Dublin Core metadata. Also, through the inclusion of XSL1 stylesheets in protocol responses, OAI-PMH repositories have been directly overlaid with an interface that allows users to navigate the contained metadata by means of a Web browser. In addition, through the introduction of PURL2 partial redirects, complex OAI-PMH protocol requests have been turned into simple URIs that can more easily be published and used in downstream applications. Texto completo: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july03/young/07young.html

42. Suleman, H., Atkins, A., Gonçalves, M. A., France, R. K., and Fox, E. A., "Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: Bridging the Gaps for Global Access - Part 1: Mission and Progress". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 9, 2001.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Bibliotecas universitarias/Tesis doctorales/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) is a collaborative effort of universities around the world to promote creating, archiving, distributing and accessing Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). Since its inception in 1996, over a hundred universities have joined the initiative, underscoring the importance institutions place on training their graduates in the emerging forms of digital publishing and information access. The outreach and training mission of NDLTD is an ongoing project so in this article we report on the current status of membership and support activities. Recent research has focused on creating a union database that will provide a means to search and retrieve ETDs from the combined collections of NDLTD member institutions. The Virtua system developed by VTLS will serve as the heart of this union database. In order to bridge the gap between the existing distributed institutional archives and a unified collection of ETDs, we have developed a metadata standard especially suited to ETDs - this is then used by partner sites to export their freely-available metadata using the Metadata Harvesting Protocol of the Open Archives Initiative. We also link name authority information into the metadata records to support unique identification of authors and others associated with the works. Additional research efforts include advanced search mechanisms, semantic interoperability, the design and development of multi- and cross-lingual search systems, and software modules that support the development of higher-level services to aid researchers in seeking relevant ETDs. Texto completo: http://mirrored.ukoln.ac.uk/lis-journals/dlib/dlib/dlib/september01/suleman/09suleman-pt1.html

43. Suleman, H., Atkins, A., Gonçalves, M. A., France, R. K., and Fox, E. A., "Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: Bridging the Gaps for Global Access - Part 2: Services and Research". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 9, 2001.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Bibliotecas universitarias/Tesis doctorales/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

44. Suleman, H. and Fox, E. A., "A Framework for Building Open Digital Libraries". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 12, 2001.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: Digital Libraries (DLs) have traditionally been positioned at the intersection of library science, computer science, and networked information systems. The different underlying philosophies of these three fields has had an unsettling influence on the development of DLs. While library science is fairly mature, networked information systems are constantly evolving to keep pace with Internet innovation. DLs are thus expected to demonstrate the careful management of libraries while supporting standards that evolve at an astonishing pace. This architectural moving target is a predicament that all DLs face sooner or later in their lifecycle, and one that few manage to deal with effectively. To exacerbate this problem, there has been a general desire for systems to be interoperable at the levels of data exchange and service collaboration. Such interoperability requirements necessitated the development of standards such as the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set and the Open Archives Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). These standards have achieved a degree of success in the DL community largely because of their generality and simplicity. Informed by those lessons, this project is an attempt to consistently extend known interoperability standards to form the basis of a framework of components for building extensible DLs. Texto completo: http://mirrored.ukoln.ac.uk/lis-journals/dlib/dlib/dlib/december01/suleman/12suleman.html

45. Suleman, H. and Fox, E. A., "Leveraging OAI harvesting to disseminate theses ". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 219-227 .

Descriptores: Metadatos/Tesis doctorales/Bibliotecas digitales/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: NDLTD, the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, supports and encourages the production and archiving of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs). While many current NDLTD member institutions and consortia have individual collections accessible online, there has until recently been no single mechanism to aggregate all ETDs to provide NDLTD-wide services (e.g. searching). With the emergence of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), that has changed. The OAI's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting is a robust interoperability solution that defines a standard method of exchanging metadata. While working with the OAI to develop and test the metadata harvesting standard, we have set up and actively maintain a central NDLTD metadata collection and multiple user portals. We discuss in this article our experiences in building this distributed digital library based upon the work of the OAI. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://angelina.emeraldinsight.com/vl=10204680/cl=13/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s11/p219

46. Summers, E., "Building OAI-PMH Harvesters with Net::OAI::Harvester". Ariadne, No. 38, 2003.

Descriptores: Sistemas abiertos/Metadatos/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: Ed Summers provides practical examples of how to build OAI-PMH harvesters in Perl using the Net::OAI::Harvester toolkit. Texto completo: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue38/summers/

47. Warner, S., "E-prints and the Open Archives Initiative". Library hi tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, pp. 140-150 .

Descriptores: Metadatos/Sistemas abiertos/Documentos electrónicos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) was created as a practical way to promote interoperability between e-print repositories. Although the scope of the OAI has been broadened, e-print repositories still represent a significant fraction of OAI data providers. This article presents a brief survey of OAI e-print repositories, and of services using metadata harvested from e-print repositories using the OAI protocol for metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH). It then discusses several situations where metadata harvesting may be used to further improve the utility of e-print archives as a component of the scholarly communication infrastructure. Texto completo sólo USAL: http://ceres.emeraldinsight.com/vl=2941379/cl=82/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/07378831/v21n2/s5/p151

48. Warner, S., "Exposing and Harvesting Metadata Using the OAI Metadata Harvesting Protocol: A Tutorial". Libraries Webzine , No. 4, 2001.

Descriptores: Metadatos/Protocolos de comunicaciones/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: In this article I outline the ideas behind the Open Archives Initiative metadata harvesting protocol (OAIMH), and attempt to clarify some common misconceptions. I then consider how the OAIMH protocol can be used to expose and harvest metadata. Perl code examples are given as practical illustration. Texto completo: http://library.cern.ch/HEPLW/4/papers/3/

49. Xiaoming Liu , Maly, K., Mohammad Zubair , Nelson, M. L., Brody, T., Harnad, S., and Carr, L., "A Scalable Architecture for Harvest-Based Digital Libraries: The ODU/Southampton Experiments". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 11, 2002.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Diseño/Open Archives Initiative

Resumen: This article discusses the requirements of current and emerging applications based on the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) and emphasizes the need for a common infrastructure to support them. Inspired by HTTP proxy, cache, gateway and web service concepts, a design for a scalable and reliable infrastructure that aims at satisfying these requirements is presented. Moreover, it is shown how various applications can exploit the services included in the proposed infrastructure. The article concludes by discussing the current status of several prototype implementations. Texto completo: http://mirrored.ukoln.ac.uk/lis-journals/dlib/dlib/dlib/november02/liu/11liu.html

50. Xiaoming Liu , Maly, K., Zubair, M., and Nelson, M. L. , "Arc - An OAI Service Provider for Digital Library Federation ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2001.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Revistas electrónicas /Metadatos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: The usefulness of the many on-line journals and scientific digital libraries that exist today is limited by the inability to federate these resources through a unified interface. The Open Archive Initiative (OAI) is one major effort to address technical interoperability among distributed archives. The objective of OAI is to develop a framework to facilitate the discovery of content in distributed archives. In this paper, we describe our experience and lessons learned in building Arc, the first federated searching service based on the OAI protocol. Arc harvests metadata from several OAI compliant archives, normalizes them, and stores them in a search service based on a relational database (MySQL or Oracle). At present we have over 320,000 metadata records from 18 data providers from various subject domains. We have also implemented an OAI layer over Arc, thus making hierarchical harvesting possible. The experiences described within should be applicable to others who seek to build an OAI service provider. Texto completo: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april01/liu/04liu.html

51. Xiaoming Liu , Maly, K., Zubair, M., and Nelson, M. L. , "Kepler - An OAI Data/Service Provider for the Individual ". D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2001.

Descriptores: Bibliotecas digitales/Revistas electrónicas /Metadatos/Open Archives Initiative/Harvesting metadata

Resumen: There are a number of ways a service provider can provide a resource discovery service across several data providers, that is, several digital libraries. In the harvesting approach, the service provider harvests the metadata of the digital libraries and uses them for unified resource discovery. A recent standardization effort, the Open Archive Initiative (OAI), defines a standard, open interface between data providers and service providers to implement digital library interoperability based on the harvesting approach. The intention of OAI is to support data providers (archives) that exist at an organizational level. A typical data provider is a digital library that has no constraints on how it implements its services with its own set of publishing tools and policies. However, to be part of OAI, a data provider needs to be 'open' in as far as it needs to support the OAI metadata harvesting protocol. In this paper, we propose the Kepler framework1 based on OAI to support what we call 'personal data providers' or 'archivelets'. The objective of the Kepler framework is to satisfy the need for average researchers at an average university to publish results and disseminate them quickly and conveniently to a wide audience. While this primary objective is the result of our personal experience, we believe the concept can be extended to any community that wishes its publications to be made available to a wide audience over the Internet. We have a reference implementation for the Kepler framework that we call a digital library of many 'little' publishers. In particular, we have implemented (a) an easy-to-use archivelet that is downloadable and self-installing, (b) an automated registration service to support tens of thousands of publishers, and (c) a simple service provider to harvest metadata from archivelets. Texto completo: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april01/maly/04maly.html